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Onchocerciasis Eradication
Impacts of Blindness
Can be measured in
QALYs
Quality-Adjusted
Life Years
Used
as an estimate of economic burden of life
impairment
Can also be measured
using DALYs
Disability-Adjust
Life Years
Method
for calculating losses/gains of life
expectancy due to prevention, care,
rehabilitation, etc
Picture:
CC Logo
Source
 Carter
Center River Blindness
Program
1996 Eradication and control programs
initiated in
Six countries in the
Americas (OEPA)
Focus
on Eradication
Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico,
Venezuela
Five countries in
Africa (WHO-APOC)
Focus
on Control
Cameroon,
Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sudan, Uganda
How does it work?
Partnership at all
levels is necessary, and a few of the
cooperating organizations are listed below
(by continent)
Americas:
Lions
Club International Foundation, CDC, Mectizan
Donation Program, ministries of health, OEPA,
Pan American Health Organization, academic
institutions, community
Africa:
LCIF,
ministries of health, United Nations, WHO,
World Bank, UNICEF, APOC, community
Onchocerciasis
Elimination Program of the Americas
Defined: the technical
and coordinating body of a multinational,
multiagency coalition working to end illness
and transmission of onchocerciasis in [those
six countries] by 2007.
OEPA History
Map Source
1992: OEPA started
operations
Only
41,911 Mectizan treatments
2003: At least 85%
treatment coverage in all six countries
15
million estimated eradication cost
*Gates Foundation initially gave $5 million and
matched another 5 million that was made
within four years (donations from over 70
sources made this possible)
2006: Percentages
maintained, no new blindness
But
500,000 at risk and 180,000 infected
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WHO Programs
-African Program for
Onchocerciasis Control (APOC)
 -
Map:
APOC Countries
Source
Onchocerciasis
Control Program (OCP)
-Both are/were funded by the
World Bank with coverage of over 90 million people
in 19 countries
1995: APOC stated focus on
empowering the community to promote control
efforts. In the past 8 years, over 34 million have
been treated
OCP Vector Control
WHO launched in 1974 for West
Africa
World Bank
United Nations
Food and Agricultural Organization
Coverage = 11 countries and 30
million people
OCP History
1974: Aircraft spray larvicide
Picture: Helicopter spraying larvicide
Source
1987: Mectizan administration
incorporated
2002: OCP closed because
transmission had ceased
Still an example of effective partnership
Treatment Summary
Graph: Increase in millions of people treated
through those three organizations
Source
The Future
Much progress has been made.
As you can see from the treatment summary, fertile
lands will be able to be reclaimed and local
economies revived if progress continues.
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